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How to search Google Scholar?

Google Scholar , also known as Google Scholar is a search engine that facilitates the search line of research. Reaches a broad spectrum of areas, from computer science to physics or law, as it uses algorithms specifically designed for the academic environment, hence it is of great help for scientists, teachers, researchers and students in general.

Where do you look?
Google Scholar uses the intelligence Google indexing but limiting the search to scholarly , the result is a powerful search engine for citations, full text scientific articles, theses, monographs, books and material bases most prestigious academic data.

These are some of the sites indexed by Google Academic:
• Large databases, publishers and universities recognized: MEDLINE, NLM, IEEE, ACM, Macmillan, Wiley, University of Chicago.
• Digital Database: High Wire Press, Meta Press, Ingenta.
• Societies, Scientific Organizations and Government Agencies: American Physical Society, National Institutes of Health, NOAA.

Each search result of Google Scholar is a set of academic work. This may include one or more related articles, or even multiple versions of an item. For example, a search can consist of a group of articles including pre-printing, article in a conference, a journal and an anthology, all related to a single research effort. By grouping these items, we can assess more accurately the effect of research and to better present the different research efforts in a given area.

Therefore, when searching Google Scholar're looking at all these mega-bases at the same time academic. In addition, integrated and cross information from different databases, this is what we are shown as "quoted", "group", "related articles", etc..

What other information presented with the results search? Do you have information on the screen?

A- Link to abstract of the article or, where possible, the complete article. If we write the title of the document to seek quotes: "History of Madness in the Classical period." Google Scholar search for documents with that title, as well as other documents that mention the title automatically.

B- Identifies other papers that cite articles

group C- Search documentation similar to the items included in this group. For each outcome of a search Google Scholar is automatically determined items from the Google index are most closely related to it. A list of these items if you click on the link "Related Articles" that we see with many of the results. The list of articles made mainly taking into account the similarity of these saved with the original result, but also of the relevance of each document. The availability of a series of books and documents related to a topic is often helpful to get familiar with it.

D- looking for information about the research in Google.
E-
recent articles: allows us to find recent research on topics related to our search. These results are sorted based on additional factors that could help us find breaking research more quickly.

F- [Quotes] are articles that have been mentioned in other scholarly but they are not online. A large number of academic papers is not yet available online, so until those documents are not available online, events that are made of these documents will help researchers find much relevant information as possible.

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How to search Google?

On the Web

Where do you look?
Throughout its database, ie all the pages indexed by Google. This database is created from Webs added by hand or through its web crawler called Googlebot. This is basically a program that visits a website, all links, links for links and so on to infinity. For that uses various techniques such as:

• Contextual Analysis (usually a first filter and is very basic)
• Number of times you visit the website from google
• Positioning Request (oriented companies, this highly controlled for fraudulent use, usually only one to be admitted to the trade name or pseudonyms of the company). Search engine optimization has become recently one of the most desirable tools for webmasters. In particular, appear in the top positions on Google is a must if you want to generate traffic to your website as Google responds to almost 60% of Internet searches. Uun good SEO requires constant work-generated content, optimizing web pages and looking for links, the results are long term.
How
search?
A search engine is a system that automatically scans the web and pick up the code of the pages you visit on a database searchable by users.

Basic search: To enter a query in Google, simply enter a few descriptive words and press the enter key (or click the search button on Google) for a list of relevant results.

Google uses sophisticated text search techniques to find pages that are important and relevant to your search. For example, when Google analyzes a page, checks the contents of the linked pages with that page. Google also prefers pages in which your query terms are near each other.

Although today Google has become synonymous with search, search engine history neither begins nor ends with him. Computer programs whose primary mission is to retrieve documents as instructed by a user have existed since the middle of last century.

The first documents were seekers who met the standards established by the user, without making any effort to estimate the relevance of these, the query result was returned ordered according to basic criteria, for example, alphabetic or chronologically. If looking for the word "chair", you got all documents which appear at some point the word "chair", without applying any criterion for deciding which document was more relevant.

This kind of search required that the user is an advanced user, ie, able to provide sufficient data to retrieve the document you want to get.

query options gradually become more sophisticated, breaking the information into different fields and enabling the combination of search because, otherwise, the volume of returned documents was overwhelming, and what the user needed could be both first and last.

To ensure the usefulness of these systems, it was almost essential to use human operators to assess and pre-encoded key aspects of the documents, as its theme, according to codes and lists checked, so that users can find answers to the most frequent question: "Find documents on this issue."

Human intervention is the system that gives better results but is expensive, so the search engines have always been focused to improve the software to make it unnecessary.

These other systems, which appeared subsequently, ensure the relevant of results. The need for sophisticated user passes the system, which should be interpreted very general searches.

Basically, Google is looking into four phases:
• Calculate how many of the documents in its database meet the specific search criteria
• Calculate the factors that measure the degree of relevance of documents
• Calculates factors popularity (PageRank) for this performance, just to determine the order in which returns results
• Takes into account previous searches conducted from the computer in question.

what basis do you organize the results?
Google organizes search results according to relevance, ie the first documents returned are those who probably wanted the user, and that the documents less likely to meet their expectations, ie the noise , are relegated to the past posts (Google currently uses about 100 factors to evaluate the relevance of a result.) The first steps in this direction consisted in giving greater weight to the terms found in titles, or that frequently recur in the text, Google continues to systems currently in use. The valuation of searches and documents have become increasingly sophisticated, but Google was the first of these systems has reached fully to the general public.

Many of these algorithms are systems that have long been implemented in other browsers: the importance of the title, the control of the repetition of a word, etc. Others are proprietary systems, such as the famous PageRank: Using the Web connectivity to calculate a quality grade of each page also uses this very ability to connect web documents to improve search results. Assume that the number of links a page provides a lot to do with the quality of it. PageRank can be thought of as a model of user behavior. Mixing each other, Google has managed to become one of the best known search engines value the relevance of a database of documents without prior standardized human control.

What other information presented with the search results? Do you have information on the screen?

A.
statistics bar provides a description of the search and displays the number of results found and the time taken to complete your search.

B. The first line of output is the title of the website found. Sometimes, instead of title see a URL, which means that the site has no title, or that Google has indexed the full content of this page. Still, we know that is a relevant result because other web pages, that we have indexed have links with this page. If the text associated with these links matches your search criteria, you may return this page as a result even when not indexed the full text.

C. This text is a summary of the returned page with search terms highlighted. These excerpts let you see the context in which the terms appear in the page before clicking on the result.

D. Web Address the result found.

E. Text size web page found. Is omitted for sites not yet indexed.

F. Clicking the cached link, see the web page content as it appeared at the time that we index. If for some reason the site link does not show the current page, you can still get the cached version and find the information you need. The search terms are highlighted on the cached version.

G. When you select the link Similar pages for a particular result, Google automatically searches the web pages that are related to this outcome.